ABSTRACT
The present study compares the anxiogenic effects of three fluoroquinolones namely ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin in rats using elevated plus-maze. The rats were treated with 12.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin or pefloxacin and then tested in elevated plus-maze half an hour later, for a period of 5 min. All the three fluoroquinolones decreased the time spent in open arm considerably. This decrease was statistically significant only with the higher doses of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin (P < 0.05). Mean time spent in closed arm was increased by all the test drugs in both the doses. Increase was statistically significant with both the doses of ofloxacin (P < 0.05). Mean time spent in closed arm was increased by all the test drugs in both the doses. Increase was statistically significant with both the doses of ofloxacin (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 respectively) and higher doses of ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin (P < 0.01, P < 0.05 respectively). The number of entries in open arm and closed arm were decreased by both the doses of the three fluoroquinolones used in the study. The reduction in total number of arm entries by ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin in both the doses was highly significant. The results suggest definite anxiogenic potential of fluoroquinolones.
Subject(s)
Animals , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Anxiety/chemically induced , Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology , Female , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Male , Ofloxacin/pharmacology , Pefloxacin/pharmacology , RatsABSTRACT
A resistência de bactérias isoladas de pacientes hospitalizados varia segundo o local e a época. Objetivamos neste estudo estabelecer os padrões de sensibilidade a droga antimicrobianas de 1.200 amostras isoladas de material clínico de pacientes hospitalizados sendo 300 de cada espécie prevalente nas infecçöes hospitalares do HC da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, de 1988 a 1992: E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e S. aureus. Pesquisamos a CIM das bactérias a 13 drogas antimicrobianas: aztreonam (Az), amicacina (Ap), cafalotina (Cf), cefoxitina (Cx), ceftriaxone (Ct), cefatzidima (Cz), gentamicina (G), pefloxacina (Pf), ciprofloxacina (Ci), imipenem + cilastatina (IM), oxacilina (Ox) e vancomicina (V) - pelo método da diluiçäo da droga (de 0,05 a 256 mcg/ml) em meio de cultura sólido (Mueller-Hinton). Estabelecemos os índices: Cl a cinquenta por cento, Cl a setenta e cinco por cento, Cl a noventa por cento, faixa de variaçäo das CIM e porcentagem de amostras resistentes (critério do NCCLS) para cada espécie e antimicrobiano. Concluímos que foram drogas mais ativas (em termos de Cl noventa por cento): E. coli - Az 0,1), Pf (0,1), Ct (0,05) e Cz (0,25); K. pneumoniae - Az (0,25), Ct (0,25), Cz (0,5) e Pf (2,0): P. aeruginosa - Im (4,0); Az (16); Cz (16); Ci (16); S. aureus - V (1,0, Ci (8,0), Am (128) e Cf (128 mcg/ml). A melhor atividade antibacteriana observada "in vitro" foi relacionada as seguintes drogas: aztreonam (77-100 por cento de amostras sensíveis), pefloxacina (73-99, 7 por cento), ceftazidima (50-99, 7 por cento), ciprofloxacina (80 por cento), imipenem (93 por cento) e vancomicina (100 por cento)
Subject(s)
Amikacin/pharmacology , Ampicillin/pharmacology , Aztreonam/pharmacology , Ceftazidime/pharmacology , Ceftriaxone/pharmacology , Cephalothin/pharmacology , Escherichia coli/pathogenicity , Gentamicins/pharmacology , Cross Infection/drug therapy , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Pneumococcal Infections/drug therapy , Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy , Pseudomonas Infections/drug therapy , Inpatients , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Pefloxacin/pharmacology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/pathogenicity , Staphylococcus aureus/pathogenicity , Streptococcus pneumoniae/pathogenicityABSTRACT
El presente estudio muestra la eficacia clínica con una fluoroquinolona, la pefloxacina, en el manejo de la neumonía nosocomial, medida a través de la respuesta clínica, la eliminación de los patógenos responsables de la enfermedad y la disminución de la estancia hospitalaria. Se analizan las características epidemiológicas de los pacientes con esta complicación, la magnitud y trascendencia del problema y la necesidad de buscar alternativas terapéuticaspara su mejor manejo
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Candida albicans/pathogenicity , Pefloxacin/pharmacology , Cross Infection/complications , Pneumonia/etiologyABSTRACT
Revisao sucinta das fluorquinolonas, com ênfase em sua gênese, mecanismo de açao, atividade farmacológica, farmacocinética, efeitos adversos, interaçoes medicamentosas e principais propriedades dos comercializados no Brasil: ciprofloxacino, lemofloxacino, norfloxacino, ofloxacino e pefloxacino.